Reply to “The Natural Environment May Be the Most Important Source of Antibiotic Resistance Genes”

Reply to “The Natural Environment May Be the Most Important Source of Antibiotic Resistance Genes”

O’Toole is absolutely right that most antibiotic genes probably evolved in the environment long ago (1), but the letter ignores the principle of selection, which is an essential component of Darwinian evolution. Antibiotic use in agriculture has been shown repeatedly to contribute to antibiotic resistance among human pathogens and commensals. We do not expect that any microbiologist would argue...

The Natural Environment May Be the Most Important Source of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

I found the recent paper by Wichmann et al. (1) of great interest, and it illustrates an aspect of antibiotic resistance that has concerned me for a long time, namely, the origin of that resistance. The authors approach the problem from the point of view of misuse of antibiotics in animal food production systems. For years, attempts have been made to make that connection, with a view to restric...

Bacterial SOS May Be the Key to Combating Antibiotic Resistance

surveying the relevance of proportions to the content of quran verses

چکیده : قرآن چشمه سار زلال هدایتی است که از سوی خداوند حکیم نازل شده تا بشر را به سر منزل کمال برساند. و در این راستا از شیوه های گوناگون بیانی خطابی و بلاغی استفاده کرده تا با فطرت زیبا طلب انسان درآمیزد و اورا مقهور خویش ساخته، به سوی کمالات سوق دهد.ازجمله جنبه های بارز اعجاز بیانی قرآن وجود فواصل در پایان آیات است که کار برد سجع و قافیه در کلام بشر شبیه آن است. برخی ازعلمای سلف تفاوت هایی ب...

from linguistics to literature: a linguistic approach to the study of linguistic deviations in the turkish divan of shahriar

chapter i provides an overview of structural linguistics and touches upon the saussurean dichotomies with the final goal of exploring their relevance to the stylistic studies of literature. to provide evidence for the singificance of the study, chapter ii deals with the controversial issue of linguistics and literature, and presents opposing views which, at the same time, have been central to t...